Acrylic: Properties and Uses

Acrylic is a common and versatile man-made material with a variety of industrial and personal uses.

What is it exactly?

Acrylic, technically known as 'polymethylmethacrylate', is a synthetic material constructed from petroleum distillates that when reacted to acrylic acid, and treated with alcohol, forms a monomer (a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer). Polymers and monomers refer to the molecules that make up the property of plastics. They have a chain-like structure that natural materials lack, creating a very strong material. That's a bit much to get your head around, unless you are a fan of chemistry, so let's move swiftly on to its uses.

What is it used for?

Clear acrylic can be used as a substitute for glass, where glass is not an appropriate material. Other common uses for acrylic include the manufacturing of sinks, bath tubs and spa baths, signs, furniture, lighting fixtures, and dishware. Acrylic is even employed for use in cosmetic purposes, such as in the use of false nails, and even for dental fillings.

Positives

Acrylic is a good weather-proof material, with high clarity, and good UV resistance. It can withstand force, is non-toxic, waterproof, and can be recycled (although not easily).  Acrylic sheets can be heated and molded using plastic machining, to turn it into a vast variety of different shapes and sizes (i.e. a bath tub). A plastic machine shop can create a wide range of unique designs and purposes using plastic machining, plastic milling, and plastic turning. Its benefits over glass are that it is lightweight, flexible and less dangerous if broken; an excellent substitute for windows, doors (particularly shower doors), skylights, and aquariums. It has the advantage of being many times stronger, and many times lighter than glass, as well as more impact resistant. Acrylic also has the advantage of being moldable, all of which make it a great alternative over glass. For home use, such as dishes and cups, it can be a very practical alternative to crockery, particularly when you have babies and children around.

Negatives

Unfortunately, acrylic tends to scratch easily, and can crack at weak points, or if too much force is applied to it. Its most negative trait is the impact on the environment. The manufacture of acrylic is toxic, and releases poisonous fumes into the atmosphere, making it damaging to the environment as well as those working with it. It is also not an easy material to recycle and is non-biodegradable; discarded acrylic items will sit for years in a landfill unless it is cut into slabs to be reformed into another product. With age, acrylic tends to yellow, which can be unsightly and problematic, particularly if used for products such as car windows.

As for care, when using acrylic plastic it should be noted that although it is a strong and durable material, certain products can damage the look and finish. Do not use window cleaning products, window sprays, scouring pads, acetone or thinners. These solvents will cause permanent damage to the surface of acrylic plastic by scratching or creating a "frosted" appearance. Use only a soft damp cloth when cleaning acrylic plastic and sprays specifically designs for using on plastics. Harsh chemicals and cleaning products should be avoided at all costs.

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