8 Health Issues That Can Cause Infertility In Women

Infertility is a serious and common condition that affects 10-15% of couples trying to conceive. While both men and women can suffer from infertility, there are certain medical conditions that impact women particularly and make it harder for them to become pregnant. In this article, we will explore 8 health issues that can cause infertility in women.

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects around 10% of reproductive-age women. It is caused by a hormonal imbalance, involving higher than usual amounts of androgens (male hormones). This hormonal imbalance can suppress ovulation and result in irregular periods, making it difficult for women with PCOS to conceive.

2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a severe condition in which the tissue that lines the inner layer of the uterus spreads outside of the uterus, usually on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, intestines, or other organs nearby. This can result in inflammation, scarring, and adhesions, which may affect the ability of the ovaries and fallopian tubes to function appropriately. Endometriosis can also cause pain and cramps during periods as well as pain during sex.

3. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

PID is a bacterial infection of the reproductive organs that develops when sexually transmitted infections weren't treated in time. Untreated PID can lead to the development of scars and damage to the reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This can make it difficult (or even impossible) for the egg to move from the ovary to the uterus, increasing the risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

4. Thyroid disorders

Thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can impair fertility by disturbing the body's hormone balance. Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, can produce irregular menstrual cycles and disrupt ovulation, while hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can result in lighter or less frequent periods. Thyroid diseases may raise the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery in women so visiting a reproductive endocrinologist during planning pregnancy is important.

5. Autoimmune disorders

Autoimmune disorders develop when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. This can cause inflammation and scarring in the reproductive system, both of which can interfere with conception. Women with autoimmune disorders may also be more likely to have miscarriages or experience other pregnancy-related issues.

6. Ovarian cysts

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can form on the ovaries. Most cysts are harmless and produce no symptoms, but large cysts or persistent cysts may interfere with ovulation and cause fertility problems. You should also know that cysts can be malignant.

7. Cancer treatments

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two common treatments for cancer that can damage the ovaries and lead to infertility. Depending on the type and intensity of the treatment, women who receive these therapies may have temporary or permanent infertility. Some treatment options for cancer might potentially raise the likelihood of the early onset of menopause.

8. Age

Women's egg numbers and quality diminish as they age, making it more difficult to get pregnant. Fertility decrease normally begins in the late twenties and accelerates in the mid-30s. A woman's chances of getting pregnant naturally are much reduced by the age of 40 than they were in their twenties. Older women may also be at a higher risk of pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm delivery.

The bottom line

Infertility in women can be caused by a variety of medical conditions.  It is crucial to talk to your healthcare practitioner if you're having trouble getting pregnant. They can help you determine any underlying health concerns and develop a treatment plan that is specific to your specific needs.