9 Facts About Uterine Fibroids That You Should Be Aware Of

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous uterine growths. These benign tumors are actually common and affect a significant percentage of women during their reproductive years. While fibroids are often painless and asymptomatic, they can cause problems and discomfort in certain people. In this article, we will explore nine essential facts about uterine fibroids that every woman should be aware of.

1. Prevalence and risk factors

Uterine fibroids are relatively common, with studies estimating that 70% to 80% of women will get fibroids by the age of 50. Women between the ages of 30 and 40 are the most usually diagnosed. 

While the precise etiology of fibroid formation is uncertain, various risk factors have been observed. A family history of fibroids, being of African descent, obesity, early onset of periods, and hormonal imbalances, such as excessive estrogen levels, are the most common risk factors for fibroids.

2. Symptoms

Uterine fibroids symptoms could differ significantly among women. Some individuals have no symptoms, while others have severe and detrimental symptoms. Heavy or extended menstrual flow (menorrhagia), pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, backache, and reproductive difficulties such as infertility or repeated miscarriages are common symptoms. The size, quantity, and location of the fibroids influence the intensity and type of symptoms.

3. Types and locations

Uterine fibroids are divided into several types based on where they are located within the uterus. Intramural fibroids form within the uterine muscle wall. Subserosal fibroids develop on the uterus's outer surface. Submucosal fibroids are fibroids that extend into the uterine cavity. Pedunculated fibroids are connected with the uterus through a stalk or peduncle. The location of the fibroids may have an impact on the degree of symptoms as well as the treatments available.

4. Diagnosis

Healthcare providers can perform a pelvic exam to check for uterine problems in order to detect uterine fibroids. Transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or hysteroscopy may be performed to confirm the existence, size, quantity, and location of fibroids. These tests help select treatments by excluding other medical conditions that may be causing similar symptoms.

5. Impact on fertility

Although most women with uterine fibroids may conceive and have healthy kids, in some cases, fibroids might interfere with fertility. Submucosal fibroids, which develop inside the uterine cavity, might deform their shape and interfere with fertilized egg implantation. Large fibroids can also block the fallopian tubes and prevent sperm from reaching the egg. However, the influence on fertility varies according to the size, location, and number of fibroids, as well as individual characteristics.

6. Treatment options

Treatment for uterine fibroids is determined by the intensity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and the woman's reproductive plans. Conservative treatment may include pain relievers, hormone therapy, or the use of progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) to control severe bleeding. For more severe problems or when fertility preservation is not a priority, surgical procedures such as myomectomy (fibroid removal) or hysterectomy (uterus removal) may be explored.

7. Minimally invasive procedures

Medical technological advancements have resulted in the development of minimally invasive methods that offer alternatives to standard open surgery for treating uterine fibroids. These procedures include:

- Uterine artery embolization, which cuts off the fibroids' blood supply

- Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery, which uses focused ultrasound waves to destroy the fibroids

- Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted myomectomy, which removes the fibroids while saving the uterus

These techniques often result in shorter recovery, reduced scarring, and a faster return to regular activities.

8. Recurrence and monitoring

There is a risk of fibroid recurrence after treatment. It is important to understand that fibroids are hormonally driven and that new fibroids can form even after successful management. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to discover any new fibroids or regrowth. 

Women should have an open contact channel with their healthcare professionals and immediately report any new or worsening symptoms. To monitor the uterus and determine the condition of fibroids, routine imaging procedures like ultrasound or MRI may be advised.

9. Future directions

Medical research on uterine fibroids is ongoing, and there are encouraging improvements on the horizon. Scientists are researching targeted pharmacological therapy with the goal of selectively inhibiting the growth of fibroids. Hormonal modulators, such as selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs), are being studied for their ability to reduce fibroids and ease symptoms. 

Additionally, gene therapy techniques are being investigated to address the genetic changes related to fibroid formation. These new treatments have the potential to offer more customized and practical options for controlling uterine fibroids while avoiding negative outcomes and preserving fertility.