Ball valves are a widely-used and versatile type of plumbing valve, appreciated for their ease of use and manual adjustability. Ideal for low-pressure applications, they can be fitted to different piping materials such as copper and PVC. However, they are not compatible with plastic pipes as the fittings are not suitable for brass or steel ball valves.

If you are in need of selecting the right ball valve for your plumbing project, then it is essential to understand how ball valves function. Read on to gain a better understanding of ball valves in plumbing.

A Brief Intro Of A Ball Valve

Ball valves are a type of quarter-turn valve, featuring a spherical float or "ball" that regulates and directs water flow. These are one of the essential types of valves used in residential settings plumbing applications, serving a specific purpose and offering varied levels of functionality.
Their name, "quarter-turn valve," stems from the minimal rotation required to fully open or close the flow, usually less than a half-turn. Due to this ease of use, ball valves are often considered a suitable option for individuals with limited mobility, such as children and seniors.

Anatomy Of A Ball Valve

Wondering what are the parts that constitute a ball valve? Here are some of the components of a fully manufactured ball valve.

Body or Shell

The body, otherwise also referred to as shell, is a crucial component of a ball valve. It serves the purpose of assembling and securing all parts of the valve in place, as well as providing some protection against external hazards.

Regardless of the shape or type of ball valve, a body is always necessary to maintain the integrity of the valve. The body also functions as the pressure boundary, shielding internal parts from potential damage caused by fluctuations in liquid volume and pressure.

Bonnet

The bonnet is located at the opening of the ball valve body. Its purpose is to cover this opening and provide an additional pressure boundary. The bonnet is responsible for holding the ball and stem assembly in place and its cap is attached to the body.

Proper adjustment of the bonnet ensures the correct compression of the packing for stem seal. The bonnet is commonly made of the same material as the body, enhancing the strength and stability of the valve, as it is often bolted and screwed to the body.

Ball

The spherical ball is another key component of a ball valve. It features a flow path, also known as a hole or tunnel, at its center and is connected to a shaft for rotation. The ball is integral to the functioning of the valve.
Other than these key parts, a ball valve also consists of actuator, trim, packing, etc. depending on the manufacturing company where it is fabricated.

How Do Ball Valves Operate?

A ball valve operates by rotating a ball with a bore to control the flow of a liquid or gas. By turning the ball a quarter turn on its axis, the flow can be opened or restricted. Ball valves are known for their durability and consistent sealing, even when not in use.

Manual operation of a ball valve is achieved by turning a wrench or lever. To open or close the valve, operators are required to rotate the lever arm 90 degrees in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The valve is considered open when the lever arm is parallel to the pipe, and closed when it is perpendicular.

Ball valves only offer the option of opening or closing, and are not suitable for controlling the flow of air or fuel. They can be used as control valves in certain systems, but their precision is not as accurate as other control valves.

Because of their overall simple operation and durable performance, ball valves are a preferred choice for plumbing applications.

Benefits Of Using Ball Valves for Plumbing

Some of the obvious reasons why ball valves are considered for plumbing applications are -
•    Ball valves are versatile which is why they are a practical choice for a range of plumbing applications.
•    They feature easy operation with a quarter-turn handle, making them ideal for quickly shutting off water in emergency situations.
•    Ball valves are built to last, capable of handling high pressures and temperatures, while also offering resistance against corrosion.
•    Ball valves have a reliable, leak-proof seal and are simple to clean and maintain, including use in applications where food or other substances may be present.
•    They come in various sizes and shapes. Ball valves are also a cost-effective option for a wide range of plumbing needs.

Installation Guide For Ball Valves

Proper installation and maintenance of ball valves is critical to ensure safe and leak-free operation. Improper installation can lead to fluid leaks that may have serious consequences. In order to make sure for a successful ball valve installation, here are a few key guidelines to follow.
•    Ensure that the ball valve's ports, seating surfaces, and threads are thoroughly inspected and free of any debris before installation.
•    Keep the ball valve position fully shut rather than open.
•    Be certain that the threaded pipe connection is screwed in properly and that is cleaned prior to installation.
•    Prevent any pipe joint leakage by applying a high-grade pipe thread sealant or PTFE thread sealing as per the manufacturer’s manual instructions.
•    Prevent thread crosses by carefully checking the valves and pipes alignment.
•    If using a two-piece frame ball valve then it is important to use a wrench during the assembly of pipe joints leading to the valves.

Conclusion

Ball valves are one of the essential valves that are used in plumbing applications. They deliver the crucial function of shutting off the fluid flow and in some cases can also regulate the flow of fluid.
There are a variety of materials, sizes and options available for Ball Valves. If you are in need of a specific type of ball valve then be sure to check out Dutco Tennant LLC where we specialize in distributing a range of ball valves for plumbing applications.